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Basic Network Fundamental ( Change bridge priority without change VLAN ID, Root Bridge, Root port election, Root cost measurement)

How to change the bridge priority without change the VLAN ID? If you want to change the switch’s bridge priority you can only change the total bridge priority (bridge priority + extended system ID) in units of 4096. The STP bridge priority can only be changed in units of 4096. The valid values you can configure are: 0, 4096, 8192, 12288, 16384, 20480, 24576, 28762, 32768, 36864, 40960, 45056, 49152, 53248, 57344 or 61440. The extended system ID will then be added to this number to make the total bridge priority value. Why 32768 default bridge priority? It’s because this field is 16 bits in length, and the most significant bit is set 1 by default. Therefore, the default bridge priority was 32768 With the addition of the extended-system ID, adding the VLAN ID number to the bridge priority, that changed. So, the default VLAN ID is 1, therefore the bridge priority in total isn’t 32768, its 32769. In the default VLAN of 1, the default bridge priority is 32769, which is 32768+1. What is the...
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Basic Network Fundamental (Network Switch Working principle, Half Duplex & Full Duplex, Difference between Switch vs Router)

 How Network Switch Work



• When a device send frame to another device via switch, switch will receive the frame and check the source mac address availability in MAC Address table.

• If it’s not available, then it will add the source MAC address into switch MAC address table.

• Then switch check the destination device MAC address in the MAC address table, if its not available then the switch will flood the frame into all interfaces except source device connected interface. It’s called unknown unicast frame.

• Once Frame reach the destination device, then destination device will reply to the switch.

• Then switch will add the destination device MAC address into switch MAC Address table.

• Then switch will forward the reply frame into source device interface, it’s called known unicast frame.


Different between Switch and Router



• Switches keep a MAC address table with their known destination MAC addresses and routers keep a routing table with their known destination networks.

• Switch will run into the Layer 2 Data Link Layer and Router will run into the Layer 3 Network Layer.


Half & Full Duplex



• Half Duplex means the device cannot send and receive data at the same time, if it is receiving a frame, it must wait before sending a frame.

• Full Duplex means the device can send and receive data at the same time. It does not have to wait.

• Full Duplex is preferred way to go in modern networks that use switches all devices can use full duplex on their interfaces


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