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Showing posts with the label Switch & Router

Basic Network Fundamental ( Change bridge priority without change VLAN ID, Root Bridge, Root port election, Root cost measurement)

How to change the bridge priority without change the VLAN ID? If you want to change the switch’s bridge priority you can only change the total bridge priority (bridge priority + extended system ID) in units of 4096. The STP bridge priority can only be changed in units of 4096. The valid values you can configure are: 0, 4096, 8192, 12288, 16384, 20480, 24576, 28762, 32768, 36864, 40960, 45056, 49152, 53248, 57344 or 61440. The extended system ID will then be added to this number to make the total bridge priority value. Why 32768 default bridge priority? It’s because this field is 16 bits in length, and the most significant bit is set 1 by default. Therefore, the default bridge priority was 32768 With the addition of the extended-system ID, adding the VLAN ID number to the bridge priority, that changed. So, the default VLAN ID is 1, therefore the bridge priority in total isn’t 32768, its 32769. In the default VLAN of 1, the default bridge priority is 32769, which is 32768+1. What is the...
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Basic Network Fundamental (Multilayer or Layer 3 Switch and Usage of Layer 3 switch instead of Router, Switch Virtual Interfaces)

What is the Multilayer or Layer 3 switch? • A multilayer switch is capable of both Switching and Routing. It is Layer 3 aware. • A regular layer 2 switch is not layer 3 aware, it doesn’t think at all about IP addresses, it only cares about Layer 2 information like MAC addresses. • You can assign IP addresses to its interfaces, like a router. And you can configure routed ports which function like an interface on a router. • You can create virtual interfaces for the each VLAN and assign IP addresses to those interfaces. Why we use Multilayer or Layer 3 switch instead of router? • It can be used for inter-VLAN routing. • Inter-VLAN routing, it is using one connection for each VLAN between the router and switch. • But if you have many VLANs you probably won’t’ have enough interfaces on your router. • The router on a stick, which uses a single trunk connection which carries traffic from all VLANs between the switch and router for inter-VLAN routing. • This is efficient in terms of the numbe...
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Basic Network Fundamental (Network Switch Working principle, Half Duplex & Full Duplex, Difference between Switch vs Router)

  How Network Switch Work • When a device send frame to another device via switch, switch will receive the frame and check the source mac address availability in MAC Address table. • If it’s not available, then it will add the source MAC address into switch MAC address table. • Then switch check the destination device MAC address in the MAC address table, if its not available then the switch will flood the frame into all interfaces except source device connected interface. It’s called unknown unicast frame. • Once Frame reach the destination device, then destination device will reply to the switch. • Then switch will add the destination device MAC address into switch MAC Address table. • Then switch will forward the reply frame into source device interface, it’s called known unicast frame. Different between Switch and Router • Switches keep a MAC address table with their known destination MAC addresses and routers keep a routing table with their known destination networks. • Swit...
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