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Basic Network Fundamental ( Change bridge priority without change VLAN ID, Root Bridge, Root port election, Root cost measurement)

How to change the bridge priority without change the VLAN ID? If you want to change the switch’s bridge priority you can only change the total bridge priority (bridge priority + extended system ID) in units of 4096. The STP bridge priority can only be changed in units of 4096. The valid values you can configure are: 0, 4096, 8192, 12288, 16384, 20480, 24576, 28762, 32768, 36864, 40960, 45056, 49152, 53248, 57344 or 61440. The extended system ID will then be added to this number to make the total bridge priority value. Why 32768 default bridge priority? It’s because this field is 16 bits in length, and the most significant bit is set 1 by default. Therefore, the default bridge priority was 32768 With the addition of the extended-system ID, adding the VLAN ID number to the bridge priority, that changed. So, the default VLAN ID is 1, therefore the bridge priority in total isn’t 32768, its 32769. In the default VLAN of 1, the default bridge priority is 32769, which is 32768+1. What is the...
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Basic Network Fundamental (Virtual Trunking Protocol (VTP) Usage, Modes, Revision Number, Details of Server Mode, Transparent Mode, Client Mode)

 What is the VTP?



• VTP allows you to configure VLANs on a central VTP server switch, and other switches (VTP clients) will synchronize their VLAN database to the server.

• It is designed for large networks with many VLANs, so that you don’t have to configure each VLAN on every single switch. Cisco switches operate in VTP server mode by default.


What is the VTP Versions?



• There are three versions of VTP 1, 2 and 3. cisco modern switches support all 3 versions.

• Version 1 – It supports VLANs 1 to 1001, and it does not recognize or propagate information about extended range 1006 – 4094 and it’s provided Lacks support for Token Rings VLANs or advanced features.

• Version 2 – It provides same functionality as Version 1 and its support for Token Rings VLANs. Transparent mode switches can forward VTP advertisement in version 2.

• Version 3 – It supports extended vlan range (1006 – 4094). It’s had primary and secondary VTP servers.


What are the VTP Mode’s available?



• There are three VTP modes that switch can operate in: Server, Client and Transparent.

• VTP Server: They can add, modify, and delete VLANs.

• They store the VLAN database in non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), this means the VLAN database is saved even if the switch is turned off or reloaded.

• VTP servers will advertise the latest version of the VLAN database on trunk interfaces and the VTP clients will synchronize their VLAN database to it.

• VTP advertisement aren’t sent on access ports, only on trunk ports.

• VTP Client: VTP client cannot add, modify, and delete in the CLI, the command will be rejected.

• VTP client do not store the VLAN database in NVRAM, however in the newest VTP version in VTPv3, they do.

• VTP clients will advertise their database and forward VLAN advertisements to other clients over their trunk ports.

• VTP Transparent: Switches in VTP transparent mode do not participate in the VTP domain, they do not sync their VLAN database to the VTP server.

• VTP transparent mode maintains its own independent VLAN database in NVRAM.

• It can, add, modify, or delete VLANs, but they won’t be advertised to other switches.


What is the VTP revision number?


• This revision number is very important part of VTP.VTP servers will increase the revision number every time a VLAN is added, modified, or deleted.

• VTP servers also function as VTP clients. It means that VTP server will synchronize to another VTP server with a higher revision number.

• Because the highest revision number is considered the newest, most accurate version of the VLAN database.

• VTP clients will synchronize their VLAN database to the server with the highest revision number in their VTP domain.


VTP Client mode will share the VLAN Database to VTP Client or server switch?


• Yes, VTP clients will advertise their database and forward VLAN advertisements to other clients over their trunk ports.


VTP server mode will share the VLAN Database to VTP server switch?


• Yes, VTP servers also function as VTP clients. It means that VTP server will synchronize to another VTP server with a higher revision number.


VTP Transparent mode will share the VLAN Database to VTP server or client switch?


• No, VTP Transparent mode switch will not synchronize with VTP client and server switch.


Why need to reset the VTP data base when we connect into existing production switch?


• If you connect an old switch with a higher revision number to your network (and the VTP domain name matches), all switches in the domain will sync their VLAN database to that switch.

• This could cause all the hosts on your network to instantly lose connectivity, because the switches could sync to a totally different VTP database.

• if you’re going to plug an old switch with a high revision number into a network that uses VTP, make sure to reset the revision number.


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